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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 118: e220295, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521239

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease (CD), is a versatile haemoparasite that uses several strategies to evade the host's immune response, including adipose tissue (AT), used as a reservoir of infection. As it is an effective barrier to parasite evasion, the effectiveness of the drug recommended for treating CD, Benznidazole (BZ), may be questionable. OBJECTIVE To this end, we evaluated the parasite load and immunomodulation caused by BZ treatment in the culture of adipocytes differentiated from human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) infected with T. cruzi. METHODS The ADSC were subjected to adipogenic differentiation. We then carried out four cultures in which we infected the differentiated AT with trypomastigote forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi and treated them with BZ. After the incubation, the infected AT was subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify the parasite load and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to verify the infection. The supernatant was collected to measure cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines. FINDINGS We found elevated secretion of IL-6, CXCL-10/IP-10, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES, and leptin in infected fat cells. However, treatment with BZ promoted a decrease in IL-6. MAIN CONCLUSION Therefore, we believe that BZ has a beneficial role as it reduces inflammation in infected fat cells.

2.
J. Phys. Educ. (Maringá) ; 33: e3358, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421874

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study objective to compare the acute effects between one resistance training bout with high versus moderate intensities on inflammatory markers in women with severe obesity. Experimental crossover study, performed with adult women with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m²; age ≥ 18 years old). Each participant performed a high and moderate intensity resistance training (HIRT and MIRT, respectively) with an interval of 7 days between bouts. Four exercises were performed in the both protocols, with total training volume equalized. MIRT consisted of 3 sets of 8 repetitions each, with an intensity of 75% of 1RM, while HIRT consisted of 2 sets of 6 repetitions, followed by a 20-second rest, with a new performance of 2 to 3 repetitions, with one more rest of 20s and finishing with 2 to 3 more repetitions, at an intensity of 85% of 1RM. Blood samples were collected before, 15 minutes after and 24 hours after both training protocols. The inflammatory markers analyzed were IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Nine participants have completed the intervention (n=9; 35.2 ± 10.93 years old; BMI = 48.3 ± 5.06 kg/m²). The Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference between the HIRT and MIRT in the concentration of markers. Friedman's test did not report significant differences between intragroup measures for the HIRT as well as MIRT. This research suggests that a single session of high or moderate intensity resistance training does not change the inflammatory status of women with severe obesity.


RESUMO Este estudo objetivou comparar os efeitos agudos entre uma sessão de treinamento de força de alta versus moderada intensidade sobre marcadores inflamatórios em mulheres com obesidade severa. Estudo experimental do tipo cross-over, realizado com mulheres adultas com obesidade severa (IMC ≥ 40,0 kg/m²; idade ≥ 18 anos). Cada participante realizou uma sessão de treinamento de força de alta e de moderada intensidade (HIRT e MIRT, respectivamente) com intervalo de 7 dias entre as sessões. Quatro exercícios foram realizados em ambos os protocolos, com volume total de treino equalizado. O MIRT consistiu em 3 séries de 8 repetições cada, com intensidade de 75% de 1RM, enquanto o HIRT consistiu em 2 séries de 6 repetições, seguidas de um descanso de 20 segundos, com nova execução de 2 a 3 repetições, com mais um descanso de 20s e finalização com mais 2 a 3 repetições, com intensidade de 85% de 1RM. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas antes, 15 minutos após e 24 horas após ambos os protocolos de treino. Os marcadores inflamatórios analisados foram IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e IFN-γ. Nove participantes completaram a intervenção (n=9; 35,2 ± 10,93 anos; IMC = 48,3 ± 5,06 kg/m²). O teste U de Mann-Whitney mostrou que não houve diferença significativa entre HIRT e MIRT na concentração dos marcadores. O teste de Friedman não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as medidas intragrupo para HIRT e MIRT. Esta pesquisa sugere que uma única sessão de treinamento de força de alta ou moderada intensidade não altera o estado inflamatório de mulheres com obesidade severa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Women , Obesity, Morbid , Resistance Training , Exercise , Body Mass Index , Cytokines , Women's Health , Inflammation
3.
J. bras. pneumol ; 47(5): e20210166, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340148

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a cinética diafragmática, a função respiratória e a dosagem sérica de leptina e citocinas inflamatórias (IL-6 e TNF-α) em três grupos clínicos: obeso, asmático e saudável. Métodos Estudo clínico-exploratório realizado com 73 jovens (12-24 anos, sendo 42,5% do sexo masculino) alocados em três grupos: obesidade (GO, n = 33), índice de massa corporal (IMC z-score) ≥ + 2 e asmáticos leves controlados (GA, n = 26), classificados pela GINA, e grupo controle saudável (GC, n = 14). Os participantes foram submetidos à ultrassonografia diafragmática, espirometria, pressão respiratória máxima, níveis séricos de leptina e níveis de IL-6 e TNF-α em hemocultura total. Resultados A espessura do diafragma foi maior no GO em comparação ao GA e GC (2,0 ± 0,4 vs 1,7 ± 0,5 e 1,6 ± 0,2, respectivamente, com p < 0,05). A ventilação voluntária máxima (VVM) foi significativamente menor no GO e GA em relação ao GC (82,8 ± 21,4 e 72,5 ± 21,2 vs 102,8 ± 27,3, respectivamente, com p < 0,05). O GO tem a maior taxa de leptina entre todos os grupos (com os outros dois grupos, p < 0,05). Os três grupos tinham níveis semelhantes de TNF-α e IL-6. Conclusão A hipertrofia muscular encontrada no diafragma de indivíduos obesos pode ser justificada pelo aumento do trabalho respiratório imposto pela condição crônica da doença. Esse aumento de espessura não ocorreu em asmáticos leves controlados. Os marcadores IL-6 e TNF-α não detectaram evidências de inflamação muscular, embora fosse esperado que a leptina estivesse alterada em indivíduos obesos. Pacientes obesos e asmáticos apresentaram menor resistência pulmonar do que os saudáveis.


ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to assess the diaphragm kinetics, respiratory function, and serum dosage of leptin and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in three clinical groups: obese, asthmatic, and healthy. Methods This is a clinical exploratory study performed on 73 youths (12-24 years of age, 42.5% male) allocated into three groups: obesity (OG, n=33), body mass index (BMIz-score) ≥ +2, asthmatic (AG, n=26) controlled mild asthmatics, classified by GINA, and Healthy Control Group (CG, n=14). The participants were subjected to diaphragmatic ultrasound, spirometry, maximal respiratory pressure, serum leptin levels, and IL-6 and TNF-α whole blood cell culture levels. Results Diaphragm thickness was higher in OG in comparison to AG and CG (2.0±0.4 vs 1.7±0.5 and 1.6±0.2, both with p<0.05). Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) was significantly lower in OG and AG in relation to the CG (82.8±21.4 and 72.5±21.2 vs 102.8±27.3, both with p<0.05). OG has the highest leptin rate among the groups (with the other two groups had p<0.05). All groups had similar TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Conclusion The muscular hypertrophy found in the diaphragm of the obese individuals can be justified by the increase in respiratory work imposed by the chronic condition of the disease. Such increase in thickness did not occur in controlled mild asthmatics. The IL-6 and TNF-α markers detected no evidence of muscle inflammation, even though leptin was expected to be altered in obese individuals. Both obese and asthmatic patients had lower pulmonary resistance than the healthy ones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Asthma , Diaphragm/diagnostic imaging , Kinetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Leptin , Obesity/complications
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 114: e190366, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1101272

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Breastfeeding or gestation in schistosomotic mothers can cause long-term alterations in the immune response of offspring. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) (all classes), the production of cytokines by T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, and the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-cells in adult offspring born and/or suckled by schistosomotic mothers. METHODS We harvested splenocytes from offspring born to (BIM), suckled by (SIM), or born to/suckled by (BSIM) schistosomotic mothers and animals from noninfected mothers (Control) at seven-weeks old and cultured them with/without Concanavalin A. HDAC expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and cytokines and membrane markers were evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). FINDINGS Compared to Control, BIM mice showed increased expression of HDAC9 and frequency of CD4+IL-10+-cells. The SIM group had increased expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC10, Sirt2, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7. The BSIM group only had increased HDAC10 expression. The SIM and BSIM groups exhibited decreased frequencies of CD4+IL-4+-cells and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-cells, along with a higher frequency of CD14+IL-10+-cells and an increase in CD45R/B220+IL-10+-cells. The BSIM group also showed a high frequency of CD4+IL10+-cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding induced the expression of HDACs from various classes involved in reducing inflammatory responses. However, gestation enhanced the expression of a single HDAC and breastfeeding or gestation appears to favour multiple IL-10-dependent pathways, but not cells with a regulatory phenotype.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Spleen/chemistry , Schistosomiasis mansoni/metabolism , Breast Feeding , Histone Deacetylases/metabolism , Animals, Suckling/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic , Disease Models, Animal , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Animals, Suckling/metabolism
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 16(1): 70-73, 20180000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-885012

ABSTRACT

A estrongiloidíase é uma enfermidade que acomete cerca de 100 milhões de pessoas em todo mundo. Essa parasitose apresenta alta prevalência e tem maior gravidade clínica entre indivíduos imunossuprimidos, principalmente aqueles portadores do vírus linfotrópico de células T humana tipo 1 (HTLV). Este fato torna a coinfecção por esse vírus em pacientes parasitados por Strongyloides stercoralis um grave problema de saúde pública. O presente estudo teve por objetivo revisar os estudos sobre coinfecção por HTLV/S. stercoralis. Foi realizada busca eletrônica completa de dados disponíveis sobre a coinfecção entre o vírus e S. stercoralis. As publicações foram capturadas a partir das bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, sendo utilizados os seguintes descritores "vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo 1", "HTLV-1", "S. stercoralis" e "estrongiloidiase". A infecção por HTLV em pacientes parasitados representa fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de estrongiloidíase grave e, nesses indivíduos, o tratamento recomendado deve ser realizado e monitorado para garantir o sucesso terapêutico.(AU)


Strongyloidiasis is a disease that affects approximately 100 million people worldwide. This parasitosis is highly prevalent and more clinically severe among immunosuppressed individuals, particularly those with Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). This fact makes the co-infection with this virus in patients parasitized by Strongyloides stercoralis a serious public health problem. The present study aimed at reviewing the studies of co-infection with HTLV/S. stercoralis. A complete electronic search for available data about the co-infection of the virusand S. stercoralis was performed. The publications were obtained from the databases PubMed and SciELO, with the following descriptors being used: "Human T-lymphotropic Virus type 1, "HTLV-1", S. stercoralis, and "strongyloidiasis". The infection with HTLV in infected patients is a risk factor for the development of severe strongyloidiasis, and for these individuals the recommended treatment should be performed and monitored to ensure therapeutic success.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HTLV-I Infections/drug therapy , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic , Strongyloides stercoralis/parasitology , Strongyloidiasis/parasitology
6.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(6): e170489, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894934

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND The severity of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), the most frequent clinical outcome of Chagas disease (CD), has been associated with cytokine-enriched heart tissue inflammation, and high serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGFβ), interferon-gamma (IFNγ), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Conversely, increased interleukin (IL)-10 serum concentrations have been associated with asymptomatic CD. Cytokines and cytokine-related gene polymorphisms may control cytokine expression and have been proposed to contribute to CCC outcomes. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association of 13 cytokine-related genes (TGFB: rs8179181, rs8105161, rs1800469; IL10: rs1800890, rs1800871, rs1800896; IFNG: rs2430561; TNF: rs1800629; BAT1: rs3853601; LTA: rs909253, rs2239704; TNFR1: rs767455; TNFR2: rs1061624) with risk and progression of CCC. FINDINGS Four hundred and six seropositive patients from CD endemic areas in the state of Pernambuco, north-eastern Brazil, were classified as non-cardiopathic (A, 110) or cardiopathic (mild, B1, 163; severe, C, 133). We found no evidence of TGFB, IL10, TNF, or TNFR1/2 gene polymorphisms associated with CCC risk or progression. Only BAT1 rs3853601 −22G carriers (B1 vs. C: OR = 0.5; p-value = 0.03) and IFNG rs2430561 +874AT (A vs. C: OR = 0.7; p-value = 0.03; A vs. B1+C: OR = 0.8; p-value = 0.02) showed a significant association with protection from cardiopathy in a logistic regression analysis with adjustment for gender and ethnicity; however, the association disappeared after performing adjustment for multiple testing. A systematic review of TNF rs1800629 −308G>A publications included five studies for meta-analysis (534 CCC and 472 asymptomatic patients) and showed no consensus in pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates for A allele or A carriers (OR = 1.4 and 1.5; p-values = 0.14 and 0.15, respectively). In CD patients, TNF serum levels were increased, but not affected by the TNF rs1800629 −308A allele. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest no significant contribution of the analysed gene variants of cytokine-related molecules to development/severity of Chagas' heart disease, reinforcing the idea that parasite/host interplay is critical to CD outcomes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Case-Control Studies , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Cytokines/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Interferon-gamma/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 111(2): 83-92, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-772619

ABSTRACT

Schistosoma mansoni antigens in the early life alter homologous and heterologous immunity during postnatal infections. We evaluate the immunity to parasite antigens and ovalbumin (OA) in adult mice born/suckled by schistosomotic mothers. Newborns were divided into: born (BIM), suckled (SIM) or born/suckled (BSIM) in schistosomotic mothers, and animals from noninfected mothers (control). When adults, the mice were infected and compared the hepatic granuloma size and cellularity. Some animals were OA + adjuvant immunised. We evaluated hypersensitivity reactions (HR), antibodies levels (IgG1/IgG2a) anti-soluble egg antigen and anti-soluble worm antigen preparation, and anti-OA, cytokine production, and CD4+FoxP3+T-cells by splenocytes. Compared to control group, BIM mice showed a greater quantity of granulomas and collagen deposition, whereas SIM and BSIM presented smaller granulomas. BSIM group exhibited the lowest levels of anti-parasite antibodies. For anti-OA immunity, immediate HR was suppressed in all groups, with greater intensity in SIM mice accompanied of the remarkable level of basal CD4+FoxP3+T-cells. BIM and SIM groups produced less interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-g. In BSIM, there was higher production of IL-10 and IFN-g, but lower levels of IL-4 and CD4+FoxP3+T-cells. Thus, pregnancy in schistosomotic mothers intensified hepatic fibrosis, whereas breastfeeding diminished granulomas in descendants. Separately, pregnancy and breastfeeding could suppress heterologous immunity; however, when combined, the responses could be partially restored in infected descendants.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Pregnancy , Animals, Suckling/immunology , Antibodies, Helminth/immunology , Granuloma, Foreign-Body/immunology , Immunity, Humoral/physiology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/immunology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Animals, Newborn , Animals, Suckling/parasitology , /parasitology , Cercaria/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Flow Cytometry , Forkhead Transcription Factors/blood , Granuloma, Foreign-Body/parasitology , Granuloma, Foreign-Body/pathology , Immunity, Heterologous/physiology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Interferon-gamma/blood , /blood , /blood , Liver Cirrhosis/immunology , Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Mothers , Ovalbumin/immunology , Schistosoma mansoni/immunology , Spleen/immunology , Spleen/pathology
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(2): 181-187, mar-apr/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746228

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Control strategies to eliminate the transmission of Chagas disease by insect vectors have significantly decreased the number of reported acute cases in Brazil. However, data regarding the incidence and distribution of acute Chagas disease cases in the State of Pernambuco are unavailable in the literature. METHODS: A geographical information system was used to delineate the spatiotemporal distribution profile of the cases from 2002 to 2013 in 185 municipalities of Pernambuco based on the municipality where notification occurred. The results were presented in digital maps generated by the TerraView software (INPE). RESULTS: A total of 302 cases of acute disease were recorded in 37.8% of the municipalities, for a total of 0.13 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year. Out of the 302 cases, 99.3% were reported between 2002 and 2006. The most affected municipalities were Carnaubeira da Penha, Mirandiba and Terra Nova. The risk maps showed a significant decrease in the number of notifications and a concentration of cases in the Midwest region. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights a significant decrease in new cases of acute Chagas disease in Pernambuco starting in 2006 when Brazil received an international certification for the interruption of vectorial transmission by Triatoma infestans. However, control strategies should still be encouraged because other triatomine species can also transmit the parasite; moreover, other transmission modes must not be neglected. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Acute Disease , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Retrospective Studies
9.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 50(3): 445-455, Jul-Sep/2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728688

ABSTRACT

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) consists of a group of neoplasias involving mainly B cells and represents 90% of all lymphomas. The current available therapy is based on chemotherapy associated with the monoclonal antibody rituximab (Mab Thera(r)), which targets the CD20 protein, present in over 80% of NHL mature B cells. Recent clinical reports show a preference for combining the benefits of immunotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, thus generating safe and effective alternative treatments. The current review aimed at evaluating various aspects related to the use of rituximab for NHL, highlighting the possible inhibitory mechanisms of cell proliferation, the achieved clinical results, and the expected clinical and economic outcomes of treatments. The results from clinical tests indicate the need for a better understanding of the critical mechanisms of action of this antibody, which may maximize its therapeutic efficacy. This therapy not only represents a viable option to treat most types of NHLs, especially when associated with conventional chemotherapy, but also offers cost-utility and cost-effectiveness advantages.


O Linfoma não-Hodgkin (LNH) consiste em um grupo de neoplasias envolvendo, principalmente, as células B e representa 90% de todos os linfomas. A terapia atual disponível é baseada em quimioterapia associada ao anticorpo monoclonal rituximabe (Mab Thera(r)), que tem como alvo a proteína CD20, presente em mais de 80% das células B maduras do LNH. Recentes relatórios clínicos mostram preferência para combinar os benefícios da quimioterapia adjuvante e imunoterapia, gerando alternativas de tratamentos seguro e eficaz. O trabalho de revisão teve por objetivo avaliar vários aspectos relacionados à aplicação do rituximabe no LNH, destacando os possíveis mecanismos inibitórios da proliferação celular, os resultados clínicos obtidos e as implicações clínicas e econômicas esperadas para o tratamento. Os resultados de testes clínicos indicam a necessidade de uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos críticos de ação deste anticorpo, que poderão maximizar a sua eficácia terapêutica. Essa terapia não representa apenas uma opção viável para o tratamento da maioria dos tipos de LNH, principalmente quando associado à quimioterapia convencional, mas, também, oferece vantagens em termos de custo-utilidade e custo-efetividade.


Subject(s)
Hodgkin Disease/classification , Rituximab/drug effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/classification
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(3): 362-366, May-Jun/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679533

ABSTRACT

Introduction CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes have been implicated in the regulation of host inflammatory response against Trypanosoma cruzi, and may be involved in the clinical course of the disease. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic Chagas disease were cultured in the presence of T. cruzi recombinant antigens and assayed for lymphocytes at distinct time points. Results It was possible to differentiate clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease at days 3 and 5 according to presence of CD4+CD25+ T cells in cell cultures. Conclusions Longer periods of cell culture proved to be potentially valuable for prospective evaluations of CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes in patients with chronic Chagas disease. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , /immunology , Chagas Disease/immunology , /immunology , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Chronic Disease , Kinetics , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/parasitology , Time Factors
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(3): 318-323, May-June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593365

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A time series study of admissions, deaths and acute cases was conducted in order to evaluate the context of Chagas disease in Pernambuco. METHODS: Data reported to the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian National Health Service between 1980 and 2008 was collected for regions and Federal Units of Brazil; and microregions and municipalities of Pernambuco. Rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) of hospitalization, mortality and acute cases were calculated using a national hospital database (SIH), a national mortality database (SIM) and the national Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), respectively. RESULTS: The national average for Chagas disease admissions was 0.99 from 1995 to 2008. Pernambuco obtained a mean of 0.39 in the same period, with the highest rates being concentrated in the interior of the state. The state obtained a mean mortality rate of 1.56 between 1980 and 2007, which was lower than the national average (3.66). The mortality rate has tended to decline nationally, while it has remained relatively unchanged in Pernambuco. Interpolating national rates of admissions and deaths, mortality rates were higher than hospitalization rates between 1995 and 2007. The same occurred in Pernambuco, except for 2003. Between 2001 and 2006, rates for acute cases were 0.56 and 0.21 for Brazil and Pernambuco, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although a decrease in Chagas mortality has occurred in Brazil, the disease remains a serious public health problem, especially in the Northeast region. It is thus essential that medical care, prevention and control regarding Chagas disease be maintained and improved.


INTRODUÇÃO: Foi realizado estudo de séries históricas de internações, óbitos e casos agudos por doenças de Chagas objetivando avaliar o contexto desta enfermidade em Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados dados notificados de 1980 a 2008 ao Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS/MS) para regiões e unidades federativas do Brasil, microrregiões e municípios pernambucanos. As taxas (por 100.000 habitantes) de internações, mortalidade e casos agudos foram obtidas por consulta ao Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH), Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A média de internações nacional por doença de Chagas ficou em 0,99 no período de 1995 a 2008. Pernambuco, neste intervalo, apresentou média de 0,39, com as maiores taxas concentradas no interior do estado. Este estado obteve média de óbitos 1,56 entre 1980 e 2007, valor inferior a brasileira (3,66). O país demonstrou declínio de óbitos na análise de tendência, com Pernambuco encontrando-se em estado estacionário para esta taxa. Interpolando os dados referentes a internações e óbitos, evidenciou-se mortalidade em valores superiores as taxas de internações nacionais, entre 1995 e 2007. O mesmo fato ocorreu em Pernambuco, exceto em 2003. Entre 2001 e 2006, a taxa de casos agudos foi de 0,56 e 0,21 respectivamente para Brasil e para Pernambuco. CONCLUSÕES: Mesmo o Brasil demonstrando redução na mortalidade, a doença permanece como grave problema de saúde pública, principalmente no nordeste. Desta forma, é fundamental a manutenção e melhoria das ações de atenção médica, controle e prevenção já existentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease/mortality , Acute Disease , Brazil/epidemiology , Hospital Mortality/trends , Information Services
12.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 32(5): 391-394, 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-571631

ABSTRACT

Venipuncture is one of the easiest clinical procedures to obtain viable blood samples to evaluate gene expression using mRNA analysis. However, the use of this sample type in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests (RT-PCR) without prior treatment is controversial. We therefore propose to compare the suitability of different peripheral blood samples (whole blood without treatment, whole blood with hemolysis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and frozen whole blood) for RT-PCR analysis. The results showed that, despite the blood sample being peripheral, it is possible to extract a fair amount of RNA and perform target gene amplification. Thus, peripheral blood without prior treatment could be used to investigate the gene expression using Real Time PCR.


A punção venosa representa um dos procedimentos clínicos mais simples na obtenção de amostras de sangue periférico e avaliação da expressão gênica através da análise do RNA mensageiro. Contudo, a utilização desta amostra, sem um tratamento prévio, em ensaios de Transcrição Reversa (RT-PCR) é controverso. Desta forma, propomos comparar a adequação de diferentes amostras de sangue periférico (sangue total sem tratamento, sangue total após hemólise, células mononucleares do sangue periférico e sangue total congelado) em ensaios de Transcrição Reversa Os resultados mostraram que independente da amostra de sangue periférico é possível extrair RNA em quantidade adequada e realizar a amplificação do gene alvo. Desta forma, o sangue periférico sem tratamento prévio pode ser utilizado em abordagens que envolvam a avaliação da expressão gênica por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Specimen Collection/methods , Gene Expression , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger/blood , Spectrophotometers , Transcription, Genetic/immunology
13.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 49(2)mar.-abr. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511608

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização dos anti-TNF's na prática reumatológica tornou obrigatória a identificação de casos de infecção tuberculosa latente (ITBL) antes do início do tratamento, utilizando o PPD, RX de tórax e história de contato com tuberculose. Os pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) apresentam uma anormalidade da função celular imune, caracterizada por diminuição da responsividade de células mononucleares periféricas (linfócitos T Reg), o que acarreta prejuízo para a hipersensibilidade cutânea tardia, o que é fundamental para o reconhecimento de antígenos, como é o caso do PPD. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a resposta ao PPD em pacientes com AR, comparado com pessoas saudáveis em uma área endêmica de tuberculose, como é o estado de Pernambuco. METODOLOGIA: Foram estudados 96 pacientes, 48 com AR e 48 indivíduos saudáveis, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino; foi realizada a inoculação de 0,1 mL do PPD RT-23, por via intradérmica e leitura da induração 72 horas após. RESULTADOS: No grupo AR o tempo médio de diagnóstico foi de 10,2 anos, a dose média de metotrexate foi de 15,5 mg/semana, dose média de prednisona foi de 12,7 mg/dia e a atividade média da doença medida pelo CDAI foi 30,4. Houve maior positividade do PPD no grupo de comparação (33,3 por cento) quando comparado com o grupo AR (14,6 por cento), com diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,034). CONCLUSÕES: Os autores alertam para o fraco desempenho do PPD para diagnóstico de ITBL em pacientes com AR e da necessidade de se fazer uma triagem ainda mais cuidadosa antes do início do tratamento com anti-TNF.


INTRODUCTION: With the introduction of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors (anti-TNFs) into rheumatological practice, it has become obligatory to identify cases of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prior to the start of treatment, using PPD, chest radiography and clinical history of tuberculosis contact. Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have an abnormality of the cellular immune function, characterized by decreasing responsiveness of peripheral mononuclear cells (T Reg lymphocytes), leading to a loss in delayed hypersensitivity, which is fundamental for the recognition of antigens, such as PPD. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the response to PPD in patients with RA, compared with healthy people, in an area where tuberculosis is endemic, as is the state of Pernambuco. METHODOLOGY: We studied 96 patients, 48 with RA and 48 healthy subjects, most of them females. All patients were given an interdermic injection of 0.1 mL PPD RT-23. The reading of the PPD result was carried out 72 hours after application, by way of palpation of maximum transverse diameter of induration, and the result was expressed in millimeters. RESULTS: In the RA group, the average time of diagnosis was 10.2 years, the average dosage of methotrexate was 15.5 mg / week, the average dosage of prednisone 12.7 mg / day and the average activity of the disease, measured using CDAI, was 30.4. In the healthy subjects group there was a greater number of positive PPD results (33.3 percent) when compared with the results for the RA group (14.6 percent), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: The performance of PPB in LTBI diagnosis is poor in patients with RA. These results suggest that more careful screening needs to be undertaken before treatment with an anti-TNF drug.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Tuberculosis
14.
Recife; s.n; 2009. 109 p. ilus, ^c30 cm.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-575927

ABSTRACT

As manifestações clínicas da doença de Chagas humana estão associadas com as distintas e complexas relações parasito-hospedeiro que envolvem diretamente o sistema imune. Nesse contexto, nos propomos analisar a relação entre a produção de citocinas intracitoplasmáticas após estímulo in vitro com os antígenos recombinantes CRA (Cytoplasmatic Repetitive Antigen) ou FRA (Flagellar Repetitive Antigen) de Trypanosoma cruzi e as formas clínicas crônicas cardíaca e indeterminada da doença de Chagas. O grupo de pacientes chagásicos consistiu de 39 indivíduos portadores: forma cardíaca sem dilatação cardíaca (FC1) (n=15); forma cardíaca com dilatação cardíaca (FC2) (n=15) e forma indeterminada (FI), selecionados no Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz da Universidade de Pernambuco. O sangue total destes indivíduos foram submetidos à cultura na presença de CRA ou FRA por 1 dia e citocinas intracitoplasmáticas produzidas por linfócitos e monócitos foram analisadas através da citometria de fluxo. Nossos resultados mostraram que IFN-? e TNF-? produzidas por linfócitos T CD8+ após estímulo in vitro com o CRA foi capaz de diferenciar os pacientes chagásicos portadores da FC2 dos pacientes portadores da FC1 e da FI, podendo ser consideradas marcadores imunológicos da forma clínica cardíaca da doença de Chagas. Após estudo prospectivo de indivíduos portadores da FI e FC1, essa ferramenta poderia ser utilizada no seguimento das intervenções terapêuticas, melhorando a qualidade de vida do paciente.


Subject(s)
Cytokines , Chagas Disease/immunology , Biomarkers
15.
Rev. patol. trop ; 37(1): 1-14, jan.-abr. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488266

ABSTRACT

Os recentes surtos epidêmicos de doenças emergentes e reemergentes têm demonstrado a importância da aplicação de medidas de controle e prevenção. Para que tais medidas sejam eficazes, o desenvolvimento de métodos de diagnóstico acurados é essencial. Os métodos decorrentes do aprimoramento da biologia molecular e celular têm propiciado a utilização de técnicas diagnósticas que produzem um resultado confiável em poucos minutos ou horas. Os ensaios imunocromatográficos, a PCR e suas variações, a tecnologia de microarranjos de DNA, a citometria de fluxo e a análise do proteoma constituem exemplos. Alguns desses métodos já estão disponíveis em laboratórios, especialmente os da rede privada. Contudo, a interpretação dos resultados requer níveis diferentes de conhecimento, o que torna necessária a capacitação de recursos humanos para sua maior difusão e aproveitamento. Espera-se, portanto, que o surgimento de novas tecnologias resulte no desenvolvimento de novas drogas e terapias e, sobretudo, de métodos diagnósticos que auxiliem a investigação epidemiológica e promovam melhorias na qualidade de vida da população ao se implantar rapidamente o tratamento.


Subject(s)
Molecular Biology/methods , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Immunologic Tests
16.
Recife; s.n; 2006. 109 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-527805

ABSTRACT

(...) nos propomos analisar a relação entre a resposta imune celular de pacientes chagásicos, após estímulo in vitro de células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMC) com os antígenos recombinantes CRA (Cytoplasmatic Repetitive Antigen) ou FRA (Flagellar Repetitive Antigen) de Trypanosoma cruzi, e as formas clínicas crônicas da doença de Chagas. O grupo de pacientes chagásicos consistiu de 36 indivíduos (...). Um grupo de 19 indivíduos não chagásicos (NC) foi incluído como um grupo controle. PBMC foram isoladas por centrifugação através de um gradiente de densidade de Ficoll-Paque. As células foram estimuladas com Fitohemaglutinina, Concanavalina, CRA, FRA ou com antígeno solúvel de Epimastigota (Ag-Epi) por 24h, 72h ou 6 dias. Culturas sem estímulo foram utilizadas como controles negativos. A proliferação celular foi avaliada após estímulo por 6 dias de cultivo através da quantificação de 3 H-timidina incorporada. As citocinas foram detectadas em sobrenandantes de cultura obtidos após 24h (TNF-a e IL-4), 72h (IL-10) e 6 dias (IFN-g) através de ELISA de captura. Os resultados mostraram que apesar de apresentarem índices de estimulação baixos, as células dos pacientes chagásicos estimuladas com os antígenos recombinantes apresentaram maiores respostas proliferativas quando comparados com as dos indivíduos NC. Porém, não foi possível estabelecer um padrão de resposta linfoproliferativa entre os pacientes portadores das formas clínicas FC e FI da doença. Com relação às citocinas secretadas no sobrenadante de cultura após estímulo com antígenos de T. cruzi, os resultados mostraram que CRA, bem como Ag-Epi, foram capazes de estimular a produção de TNF-a e IFN-g em pacientes chagásicos quando comparado aos indivíduos NC. Porém, os níveis dessas citocinas mostraram-se similares entre os pacientes chagásicos portadores das formas clínicas FC e FI. Apesar de não apresentarem a capacidade de diferenciar as formas clínicas da doença de Chagas através do ensaio de linfoproliferação e da detecção de citocinas de sobrenadante de cultura por ELISA, os antígenos poderiam ser utilizados em estudos sobre a imunopatogênese da doença, investigando papéis imunorregulatórios antígeno-específicos. Além disso, esses antígenos poderiam dar continuidade ao desenvolvimento de marcadores de evolução de prognóstico das formas clínicas severas da doença de Chagas através da avaliação de citocinas intracitoplasmáticas por citometria de fluxo.


Subject(s)
Cytokines , Chagas Disease/immunology , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Immunoglobulin G , Biomarkers , Recombinant Proteins
17.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 36(6): 739-742, nov.-dez. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-355328

ABSTRACT

Os antígenos recombinantes Cytoplasmic Repetitive Antigen e Flagellar Repetitive Antigen de Trypanosoma cruzi foram inoculados em camundongos BALB/c e C57BL/6 e o seu efeito avaliado a nível hematológico e histopatológico. Os resultados mostraram que o padrão histológico normal dos órgãos e o perfil hematológico dos camundongos não foram modificados sugerindo que esses antígenos não parecem causar dano ao animal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Antigens, Protozoan , Chagas Disease , Recombinant Proteins , Trypanosoma cruzi , Antigens, Protozoan , Chagas Disease , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Recombinant Proteins
18.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 36(4): 435-440, jul.-ago. 2003. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-344765

ABSTRACT

Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in 44 C57BL/6 mice immunized with the Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant antigens CRA and FRA. Both antigens induced cutaneous immediate-type hypersensitivity response. The levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 were high in CRA immunized mice. IgG3 was the predominant isotype. Although no difference in antibody levels was observed in FRA-immunized mice when compared to control mice, both antigens were able to induce lymphoproliferation in immunized mice. Significant differences were observed between incorporation of [ H]- thymidine by spleen cell stimulated in vitro with CRA or FRA and the control group. These results suggest that CRA and FRA could be involved in mechanisms of resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Trypanosoma cruzi , Evaluation Study , Immunity, Cellular , Immunization , Mice, Inbred C57BL
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